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Haftungsausschluss : Die Verdolmetschung der Debatten soll die Kommunikation erleichtern, sie stellt jedoch keine authentische Aufzeichnung der Debatten dar. Authentisch sind nur die Originalfassungen der Reden bzw. ihre überprüften schriftlichen Übersetzungen.
Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2024 - EP

Die heutige Zinssenkung des Rates der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB) kommentiert Marcel Fratzscher, Präsident des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin), wie folgt:

Die Europäische Zentralbank (EZB) setzt ihren vorsichtigen Zinssenkungskurs fort. Die Zinssenkung um 25 Basispunkte ist zu wenig, um die Wirtschaft ausreichend zu stützen. Das Zinsniveau ist zu hoch und zu restriktiv. Die Geldpolitik wird die ohnehin schon schwache Wirtschaft auch im Jahr 2025 weiter schwächen. Offensichtlich fehlt dem Gremium des Zentralbankrats der Mut, dem Beispiel der US-Notenbank zu folgen und die Zinsen stärker zu senken, obwohl sich die Wirtschaft des Euroraums in einer deutlich schlechteren Lage befindet als die US-Wirtschaft.

Die übervorsichtige Entscheidung der EZB ist auch der ungewöhnlich hohen Unsicherheit geschuldet. Längst erfüllt die EZB wieder ihr Mandat der Preisstabilität: Die Inflation hat sich um das gesetzte Ziel von zwei Prozent stabilisiert. Auch die Inflationserwartungen sind gut verankert und geben keinen Anlass zur Sorge. Allerdings ist es sehr wahrscheinlich, dass die EZB in den kommenden beiden Jahren mit großen Veränderungen und Inflationsschocks zu kämpfen haben wird. Einerseits könnte die zu restriktive Geldpolitik dazu beitragen, die Wirtschaft weiter zu schwächen und die Preisentwicklung deutlich zu dämpfen. Andererseits könnten der Protektionismus von Donald Trump, ein zunehmender Konflikt mit China und die geopolitischen Konflikte die Inflation wieder stark steigen lassen.  

Daher ist die Vorsicht der EZB verständlich, auch wenn eine stärkere Zinssenkung der bessere Weg gewesen wäre. Zumal die EZB an externen Schocks von außerhalb des Euroraums nichts grundlegend ändern kann. Die politische Lähmung in großen Euro-Ländern, allen voran Deutschland und Frankreich, wird die Aufgabe der EZB auch im kommenden Jahr nicht einfacher machen. Die EZB muss ihre Glaubwürdigkeit schützen, um größere Turbulenzen an den Kapitalmärkten abzufedern, die Wirtschaft zu stabilisieren und dadurch ihr Mandat besser erfüllen zu können.

Morocco will host the Women's Africa Cup of Nations for a third time in a row as the qualifying draw for the 2026 finals is announced.

Morocco will host the Women's Africa Cup of Nations for a third time in a row as the qualifying draw for the 2026 finals is announced.

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Since 2019, the OSCE Presence in Albania and Tirana University’s Law Faculty have worked intensively on the establishment of an Executive Master’s Programme in Criminology with the aim to enhance the research capacities of criminal justice professionals, academics and policy makers in preventing and combating crime in Albania in line with human rights standards and OSCE commitments. Launched in December 2020, the Master’s Programme aims to enhance the research capacities of professionals, academics, and policymakers to better understand and combat crime in line with human rights standards.

On 12 December 2024, the Presence and Tirana University hosted a closing ceremony, bringing together around 160 academic staff, students and donors to reflect on the project’s achievements and its ongoing impact.

The Master’s Programme in Criminology is the first Executive Master Programme in Albania included in the third cycle of studies. It offers an integrated curriculum designed for various career paths in the justice system. The programme covers key criminology topics, including crime prevention, offender rehabilitation and the root causes of crime. So far, 190 students have enrolled in the Master’s Programme – 52 of them have already graduated. Participants come from diverse backgrounds, mostly from law enforcement agencies. They include judges, prosecutors, judicial police officers, police officers, defence lawyers, Security Academy lecturers, staff of parliament’s policy office, civil society activists and criminal justice experts.

A major achievement of the project is the establishment of a Research Centre in Criminology, which will strengthen academic and research connections, and contribute in guiding criminal justice policy in Albania. The project contributed in setting up the infrastructure and provided the Research Centre with office and IT equipment. To fully support the capacities of the Research Centre, the project facilitated 30 research papers in the field of criminology to be used by academic staff and Master’s students.

During more than five years of intensive work, the OSCE’s involvement entailed the development of the structure and curricula for the Master’s Programme, training academic staff, building links with partner institutions, as well as building capacities and resources of the University of Tirana to deliver and manage such a complex, and ultimately successful programme. 

Key milestones of the project include:

•           Establishing a comprehensive criminology curriculum with 20 modules and 120 ECTS credits.

•           Training academic staff and facilitating exchange opportunities with prestigious international universities.

•           Providing essential research resources, including online access to international libraries.

•           Organizing academic conferences and establishing a fellowship programme to support research in the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Interior.

•           Supporting Master’s students with research, publications, summer schools and exchange programmes and visiting lecturers.

Criminology careers are instrumental in establishing a more equitable, science-based understanding of crime, public policy and social justice. Through theoretical knowledge and practical experience, criminologists support and strengthen the work of law enforcement, and the court and penal systems. Therefore, this project contributed also to strengthen co-operation between the academia and law practitioners. 

The project “Establishing a Master’s Programme in Criminology” was implemented by the OSCE Presence in close co-operation with the Law Faculty and with the support of the Faculty of Social Sciences, the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Interior. It was financially supported by the U.S. Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Mission to the OSCE, British Embassy in Tirana and the government of Italy.

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Newsletter - 16-19 December 2024 - Strasbourg plenary session

Source : © European Union, 2024 - EP

Željka Šulc

SARAJEVO, 12 December 2024 - The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina welcomes the progress demonstrated by the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s decision last night to endorse the Proposed Law on Protection from Domestic Violence and Violence Against Women of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, along with amendments to the Criminal Code of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We trust that the next procedural steps in the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be prioritized, including conducting constructive, inclusive discussions and consultations and making further improvements wherever necessary.

These measures, along with the effective implementation of meaningful domestic violence legislation and policies, are crucial for delivering urgent and effective victim-centered protection, support, and justice; equipping institutions with the necessary tools for action; and reinforcing the message that there is #NoExcuse for domestic violence, gender-based violence, or violence against women. The Mission remains committed to providing further support in ensuring everyone in Bosnia and Herzegovina lives safely, securely, and free from such violence.

Nach mehr als einem Jahrzehnt der Debatten und Widerstände haben die EU-Innenminister beschlossen, die Kontrollen an den Landgrenzen zu und zwischen Bulgarien und Rumänien aufzuheben. Damit wird den beiden Ländern ein vollständiger Beitritt zum Schengen-Raum ermöglicht.

Die EU-Fischereiminister haben sich darauf geeinigt, die Fischerei im westlichen Mittelmeer für das Jahr 2025 zu reduzieren. Der ursprüngliche Vorschlag der EU-Kommission wurde dabei flexibler ausgestaltet.

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Après plus d’une décennie de débats et d’opposition, les ministres de l’Intérieur de l’UE ont décidé ce jeudi 12 décembre de lever les contrôles aux frontières terrestres intérieures avec et entre la Bulgarie et la Roumanie, leur permettant ainsi de rejoindre pleinement l’espace Schengen.

L'addiction aux paris sportifs est devenu un fléau social contre lequel les Etats africains doivent faire face. Le phénomène est plus alarmant lorsque les jeunes, surtout les mineurs sont pris dans ce piège.

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L'addiction aux paris sportifs est devenu un fléau social contre lequel les Etats africains doivent faire face. Le phénomène est plus alarmant lorsque les jeunes, surtout les mineurs sont pris dans ce piège.

La Centrale électrique "Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI", offerte par le Royaume du Maroc à la République du Niger sur Très Hautes Instructions de Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI, a été inaugurée, ce jeudi 12 décembre 2024 à Niamey.

Inauguration ce jeudi à Niamey de la Centrale électrique offerte par le Royaume du Maroc à la République du Niger. La cérémonie organisée sous le Haut patronage du Général de Brigade, Abdourrahmane Tiani, Président du Conseil National de la Sauvegarde de la Patrie (CNSP) du Niger et présidée par le Premier ministre nigérien, ministre de l'économie et des finances, Ali Mahamane lamine Zeine, s'est déroulée en présence d'une forte délégation marocaine composée de l'Ambassadeur, Directeur général de l'Agence Marocaine de Coopération Internationale (AMCI), M. Mohamed Methqal, du Directeur général de l'Office national de l'Electricité et de l'Eau potable (ONEE), M. Tarik Hamane et de l'ambassadeur de SM le Roi à Niamey, M. Allal El Achab.

Dotée d'équipements de dernière génération, cette Centrale d'une capacité de production électrique de 22,5 MVA (20 MW), située dans la zone Industrielle de
Gamkaley à Niamey, contribuera à l'amélioration de la desserte en énergie électrique pour la population nigérienne et au renforcement de la souveraineté énergétique du Niger.

Ce don du Royaume du Maroc s'inscrit dans le cadre du renforcement des relations bilatérales fraternelles, suite à la grave crise énergétique que subit le Niger. La Centrale "Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI" témoigne d'une coopération bilatérale fructueuse et riche en actions de solidarité au service de la prospérité des populations et pour un Niger stable et émergent.

Fruit d'une vision ambitieuse de SM le Roi Mohammed VI pour une solidarité agissante en faveur d'un développement humain durable du continent africain, cette centrale électrique s'inscrit également dans le même sillage des importantes initiatives lancées par le Souverain pour la contribution au développement des pays frères du Sahel, à l'instar de l'Initiative Royale pour favoriser l'accès des pays du Sahel à l'Océan Atlantique.

La réalisation du projet a été coordonnée par l'Agence Marocaine de Coopération Internationale a été confié à une équipe conjointe composée de représentants de l'ONEE et de la Société nigérienne d'électricité (NIGELEC).

L'inauguration de la Centrale électrique "Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI" s'est déroulée en présence des membres du CNSP, du gouvernement de la Transition, du Corps diplomatique et représentants des organisations internationales, ainsi que des membres de la communauté marocaine au Niger, de la société civile et des institutions religieuses nigériennes.

The Nobel Peace Prize Forum with leading experts on global nuclear politics, including three former Nobel laureates, convened to discuss the continued risk of nuclear weapons. Credit: Soka Gakkai mInternational.

By Naureen Hossain
UNITED NATIONS & OSLO, Dec 12 2024 (IPS)

The existential threat that nuclear weapons present remains as pertinent as ever, even when they have not been deployed in war for nearly 80 years. As some countries seek out nuclear weapons or to upgrade and modernize their existing warheads, global voices in nuclear politics and disarmament warn of the potential risk of a new nuclear arms race amid the weakening of nuclear treaties that prohibit the proliferation and use of nuclear arms.

At this year’s Nobel Peace Prize Forum in Oslo, Norway, leading experts on global nuclear politics, including three former Nobel laureates, convened to discuss the risk of growing nuclear arsenals and what must be done to mitigate these risks. The forum ‘NUKES: How to Counter the Threat’ was hosted on December 11 at University Aula with the support of the city of Oslo, the International Forum for Understanding, and Soka Gakkai International.

The Nobel Institute has awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on 13 occasions to individuals and groups whose work was in service to the argument for the prohibition of nuclear weapons. This was seen up to the present day with Japanese grassroots organization Nihon Hidankyo, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10. When accepting the award, co-chair Terumi Tanaka called for the world to listen to the testimonies of A-bomb survivors and to feel the “deep inhumanity of nuclear weapons.”

The forum began with the testimonies from two Hibakusha, survivors of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

Keiko Ogura was eight years old in Hiroshima. She recalled the trauma she carried with her in the aftermath of the bombing, as she saw people die around her, not yet knowing that they were suffering due to radiation. She and other Hibakusha came forward years later to share their experiences and the direct costs of deploying nuclear weapons.

“Before I die, we want to see this planet free of nuclear weapons,” said Ogura. “For us, discounting the number of nuclear weapons is nonsense. A single nuclear weapon means destruction of this world.”

Masao Tomonaga was two years old when Nagasaki was bombed, and his memories of that time are based on his mother’s recollections of that day. He followed in his father’s footsteps to become a doctor, who oversaw Hibakusha care at Nagasaki University and conducted research into the medical consequences of radiation from nuclear fallout. In his own research, Tomonaga found that the stem cells in the survivors’ bodies contained genetic abnormalities due to radiation, which made them vulnerable to leukemia and cancer. As one of the few cells that accumulates and survives across generations, he noted, they also accumulate “genetic errors” that could occur randomly across a lifetime. He hypothesized that the Hibakusha likely held pre-cancerous cells within them.

In the past decade, there have been efforts to reduce the number of nuclear warheads among the countries that held them. Yet in recent years, the attitude has started to shift in the opposite direction. Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Rafael Mariano Grossi, remarked that this shift is marked by military nuclear doctrines that were previously respected and are now being questioned or overstepped.

“We are seeing a normalization of discourse of use of nuclear weapons,” Grossi warned, remarking on how these doctrines are being revisited to allow for some concession for the possession and use of nuclear weapons.

In such times, Grossi remarked, world leaders have an “irrevocable responsibility” to make the critical steps forward to nuclear disarmament. “It’s time that we are reminded at the right level of the necessity of this decision at the top, whether we like it or not,” he said. “We hope that this determination of the world leadership to tackle the issue of nuclear weapons, especially in a world so fragmented as the one we have.”

Yet in the debate of nuclear disarmament, countries seem split on their thinking of nuclear weapons. Experts also warned that the more ‘casual’ discussions of nuclear weapons by major parties also demonstrates an undermining of nuclear treaties. Although 191 member states joined the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), critics have pointed out that this has not been enforced to the extent that it is intended to, especially among the major players.

Speaking during a panel discussion on the risks of nuclear activity, Manpreet Sethi of the Centre for Air Power Studies in New Delhi, India, reflected on how certain countries—nuclear powers—held different perceptions of the risk of nuclear warfare.

“There is no shared sense of risk like there was during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962,” Sethi said. “Everyone is perceiving risk differently.” Sethi also remarked that countries were pushing the boundaries on the ‘nuclear envelope’—the limits on nuclear deployment, evident in the language used in discussing nuclear arms and proliferation.

The threat of nuclear warfare is also heightened when considering the advances made in technology and the impact of modernization and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. Wilfred Wan, Director of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme in SIPRI, noted that disruptive technologies such as AI and automation would only “increase the vulnerabilities in nuclear weapons.” The relative unknown factors that remain with AI would also bring an “aura of instability [and] unpredictability to nuclear weapons.” “The only way to eliminate risk… is to eliminate nuclear weapons,” said Wan.

What are the measures then to mitigate the risks of nuclear arsenals in the present day? For one, dialogue between nuclear states and non-nuclear states is one possible step forward for non-nuclear states to call for nuclear states to cease their activities and work towards reduction. Tong Zhao, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, stated that the Global South is in a position to make these demands, especially as many of these countries are also signatories to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW).

Melissa Parke, Executive Director of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN), has said that one step forward would be for all countries, including nuclear powers, to sign the TPNW. The United Nations recently approved a new study on the effects of nuclear warfare for the modern age, a study that would be more comprehensive and update the understanding of nuclear warfare for the 21st century.

“The new UN study will be looking at things like the latest scientific confirmation from the 2022 Nature Food Journal that… even a limited nuclear war would not only kill millions of people outright, but it would cause global climate disruption, massive amounts of soot going into the stratosphere, circling the globe, blocking out sunlight, causing agricultural collapse, and the death by starvation of more than 2 billion people in a nuclear winter,” said Parke.

“I expect the new study will confirm what the Hibakusha have been telling us—have been warning us about. That the risks are real, immediate, and immense. Confronting them now is not a matter of choice but of necessity,” she said. “And that the necessary action is not just no-use but total nuclear disarmament, as that is the only way of eliminating the existential threat of nuclear weapons.”

A concerted, collective effort will be needed to put pressure on nuclear states to move towards non-proliferation and disarmament. That effort can begin on the individual level.

Ogura remarked that the world held a collective responsibility to prohibit nuclear weapons, from world leaders to the youth of the next generation. This could be achieved if the experiences of the Hibakusha and the survivors of nuclear fallout and testing are shared and never forgotten. With a hint of optimism, she said, “We are more than just a single drop.” Water spreads the word—through the ocean, the tide, through the continent. I have a belief—someday we can make it.”

Note: This article is brought to you by IPS Noram in collaboration with INPS Japan and Soka Gakkai International in consultative status with ECOSOC.

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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Robbie Williams hat der frühe Ruhm krank gemacht. Nun will auch seine Tochter berühmt werden, wie der Sänger bei Sandra Maischberger verriet.

L’OTAN a annoncé mercredi 11 décembre que son Accélérateur d’innovation, fonds d’investissement dans les hautes technologies de défense, avait sélectionné plus de 70 entreprises pour 2025.