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L’Algérie poursuit son initiative de réhabilitation du Barrage Vert et intensifie ses efforts pour lutter contre la désertification et améliorer les conditions climatiques locales. Pour […]

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Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus meets with Dr Wenceslas Nyamayaro, Acting Chief Director for Public Health of Zimbabwe to discuss the current issues dealing with health, wellbeing, and economy. Credit: Christopher Black/WHO Photo Library

By Oritro Karim
UNITED NATIONS, Aug 23 2024 (IPS)

On August 7th, Deputy Spokesperson for the Secretary-General Farhan Haq spoke at a press briefing at the United Nations Headquarters, detailing the high levels of food insecurity and socioeconomic distress in Zimbabwe as a result of the El Niño drought that continues to ravage the ecosystem. In April of this year, the president of Zimbabwe, Emmerson Mnangagwa, declared a nationwide state of disaster.

“More than half of the harvest was destroyed, and some 7.6 million people are now at risk of acute hunger”, Haq stated. He added that approximately 5.9 million people are expected to face severe food insecurity early next year as the peak-hunger period approaches.

UN Resident Coordinator in Zimbabwe Edward Kallon states “this crisis has far-reaching consequences across sectors such as food and nutrition security, health, water resources, education and livelihoods”.

The El Niño drought has generated a multitude of environmental issues in Zimbabwe, including reduced rainfall, increased temperatures, depleted rivers, and compromised air quality.

This is particularly troubling as Zimbabwe is heavily reliant on rainfall as it determines the success of crop production and livestock health. The efficacy of their agricultural system is crucial for the nation as more than half of the population relies on it as a source of income. Additionally, agriculture accounts for roughly 15 percent of the nation’s gross domestic product.

As a result of decimating crop yields, roughly 42 percent of the population is faced with extreme poverty. This has led to young children being pulled out of school to join the workforce in an effort to keep their families afloat.

“The drought has strained Zimbabwe’s economy, with more than a fifth of school-aged children now out of school”, Haq added. The El Niño drought has produced significant economic turmoil in Zimbabwe, putting families in a state of disarray as they struggle to make enough income to support themselves.

According to The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), “more than 45,067 children dropped out of school, 3,000 more compared to the annual average. Currently, the El Niño-induced drought may result in increased school dropouts, as families face increasing poverty levels, thus making it difficult to pay school fees”. Furthermore, OCHA predicts that there will be higher rates of child marriages, violence against children, child migration, and child abandonment.

In addition to lower rates of education among children, they are the most vulnerable in terms of health. Due to widespread food insecurity and compromised diets, children are at high risk of succumbing to famine, malnutrition, and disease. The World Food Programme (WFP) states that approximately 27 percent of children in Zimbabwe have stunted growth.

Zimbabwean women are also highly vulnerable to the socioeconomic detriment caused by the drought. OCHA states that in addition to higher rates of child violence, there has been an increased level of gender-based violence recorded. In addition, there has been an observed increase in sexual violence, domestic violence, and gender-based violence as a result of “heightened family tensions caused by crop damages and income losses”.

OCHA adds that rural communities have been hit the hardest. Rural communities in Zimbabwe account for the majority of the nation’s population, with roughly 62 percent working in agriculture.

Additionally, the drought had a detrimental impact on the nation’s water supply, with many rivers being run dry and not expected to recover for years. This greatly limits access to clean water for many rural communities. OCHA states “35 percent of rural households were accessing inadequate water services, while 45 percent of rural households were traveling more than half a kilometer to fetch water”.

The diminishing access to clean water greatly exacerbates levels of poor hygiene and the spread of disease, particularly cholera, which continues to run rampant among poorer communities.

During an April 8th press briefing at the UN Headquarters, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General Stéphane Dujarric stated “The humanitarian community in Zimbabwe is also concerned that the scarcity and depletion of safe water resources could lead to an uptick in communicable diseases”.

OCHA adds that the risk of contracting infectious and waterborne diseases is significantly raised by the drought. The current cholera outbreak has been aggravated by poor hygiene practices as a result of the dry spells, with 591 deaths being reported between February 2023 and April 2024.

In addition, the drought increases the likelihood of developing malaria and maternity related complications. Pregnant women are highly vulnerable to stillbirths, infections, miscarriages, and maternal mortality. OCHA adds that this is primarily due to the drought greatly limiting resources essential for medication and quality of care.

Plans to mitigate the effects of the drought and assist communities in Zimbabwe are underway by the United Nations. Haq stated “the UN and partners continue to work with the Government to support response efforts. However, the $429 million flash appeal launched in May — which aims to assist more than 3 million people — is only about 11 per cent funded”.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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Am Wochenende erwartet uns ein drastischer Wetterwechsel: Hochsommerliche Temperaturen bis Samstag, gefolgt von Regen und Wind am Sonntag mit einem Temperatursturz von bis zu 12 Grad.

Bungalow on a Samoa beach. Credit: Vidi Drone on Unsplash
 
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres is currently visiting Samoa and the Kingdom of Tonga, where he will participate in the Pacific Islands Forum Leaders Meeting. He will also make various site visits to engage with local communities and civil society representatives, including young people, where he will emphasize the impacts of sea-level rise in the region and beyond.
 
At a press conference with the World Meteorological Organization in Tonga on Tuesday 27 August, the Secretary-General will highlight the present-day impacts and future projections of sea-level rise - including coastal flooding - at a global and regional level, including for major coastal cities in the G20 and Pacific Small Island Developing States. A technical brief providing a summary of the latest science on sea-level rise will be published on the UN climate action site (www.un.org/climateaction) at the time of the press conference.

By Cedric Schuster
APIA, Republic of Samoa, Aug 23 2024 (IPS)

In Samoa, we use a simple phrase to capture our way of life: Fa’asamoa. At the core of this concept is respect for others, devotion to family and a deep appreciation for the preservation of our natural resources. Importantly, Fa’asamoa has enabled us to sustainably fish our vibrant coral reefs for millennia, in a way that provides good health and prosperity for everyone in our communities.

We share our bounty of our fish species — including albacore, yellowfin, bigeye and skipjack tuna — with the globe, but the fish in our waters also serve as a bedrock of our local cultures and diets. Without it, Fa’asamoa cannot exist.

But the coastal fisheries spread across our four inhabited islands halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand are under threat like never before. This is because carbon pollution is changing the ocean around us. Its waters are rising, more acidic and less full of life than we ever imagined was possible.

A surge of cyclones and heat are damaging delicate coral reefs that support our fisheries and flooding and eroding our coastal areas. We’ve built seawalls, battled flooding, and relocated communities whose lands were damaged by cyclones and slow onset climate change impacts such as erosion.

Our actions have not caused the climate crisis, yet we are facing its most dramatic impacts. This is why leaders from the Pacific and other island nations have become world leaders on climate action.

In recent years, island nations have taken our calls that countries should be held accountable for the damage they’ve done to our climate and ocean through their greenhouse gas emissions, to the highest courts and the most important international gatherings. Finally, the world is starting to listen.

Recently, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea determined that countries are legally accountable for polluting the ocean with greenhouse gas emissions. The Pacific nation of Tuvalu, together with leaders of small island nations worldwide, brought the case to court. Vanuatu pushed through a similar measure at the International Criminal Court of Justice.

We’re riding on a wave of success, but our work has only just begun.

This October, Samoa will host a gathering of leaders from 56 commonwealth countries, 49 of which are bordered or surrounded by water. As the first-ever Pacific country to host the bi-annual meeting, we have a timely opportunity to call attention to the urgent need for ocean action.

Fortunately, His Royal Highness King Charles III has shown unwavering support for one of the best opportunities we have to protect the ocean—marine protected areas (MPAs).

Science has long shown that setting aside marine areas, where damaging activities are banned, increases the food supply, provides economic benefits, and builds resilience against the climate crisis. Based on this research, pledges to protect 30% of the ocean are now enshrined in multiple global agreements—including the biodiversity agreement which will be discussed in Cali, Colombia, also in October.

But simply pledging protection is not enough. MPAs that strictly protect the ocean from extractive activities must be created — and quickly. Countries across the Pacific have established MPAs and are on course to establish many more in collaboration with scientists, local communities and conservationists.

In Samoa, traditional communities had established more than 70 no-take zones — traditional fisheries reserves managed and looked after by the villages themselves. We established national sanctuaries for migratory sharks, whales, dolphins and turtles in 2003.

As part of Samoa’s Ocean strategy and Marine Spatial Planning process, 30% of our EEZ will be protected as marine protected areas with 100% of it sustainably managed.

Niue, Solomon Islands, the Republic of Marshall Islands and several other Pacific countries have also established vital MPAs, some of which are community-led.

For so long, the industrial fishing industry has blocked the formation of MPAs. Their argument is almost always that fishing bans are bad for their business. But recent studies have shown us that MPAs actually replenish fish supplies.

So even if fishing is banned inside an MPA, more fish spillover to areas outside the protected zone, where fishing is allowed. The fishing industry benefits. A recent study of more than 50 MPAs in more than 30 countries worldwide found that the protections boosted either fishing or tourism, with some profits in the billions.

In Samoa, coastal communities have long known that sustainable fishing methods ensure steady fish supplies. They use a combination of traditional techniques and high tech tools. We know that many Commonwealth countries have a similar relationship to the ocean, from Scotland and Trinidad to Tobago and the Seychelles.

The international community has a critical opportunity in the coming months to recognize the urgency of protecting the ocean, our collective resource, before it’s too late.

Cedric Schuster is the Minister for Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Minister for Samoa Tourism Authority, which collectively oversee the country’s climate change, forestry, water resources, and lands. The Minister is a traditional chief from the village of Satapuala.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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