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En 2022, los gastos tributarios (GTs) en Colombia representaron aproximadamente el 7.8% del PIB, desglosándose de la siguiente manera: el costo fiscal de estos gastos en el impuesto sobre la renta fue del 0.6% para personas naturales y del 1.5% para personas jurídicas. El otro 5.6% corresponde al IVA. Este total representa un aumento de 4 puntos porcentuales en comparación con el año anterior.
Este informe destaca la necesidad de revisar los GTs, una evaluación que ya era crucial antes de la pandemia, pero que se ha vuelto aún más urgente en el contexto post-COVID-19, dado su impacto en la desigualdad y en los ingresos estatales.
Transparencia: La información sobre GTs en Colombia no es detallada ni accesible para los ciudadanos o los investigadores. En algunos casos está dispersa o solo se dispone de información agregada, lo que dificulta su evaluación.
Escenario fiscal complejo: El sistema tributario colombiano es complejo, en parte, debido a las numerosas exenciones, exclusiones y deducciones especiales presentes en la regulación, lo que complejiza el cumplimiento tributario y el proceso de fiscalización y control.
Desafíos en la evaluación: Colombia no tenía definido su sistema de referencia (Benchmark) para la determinación del gasto tributario (GT). A mediados de 2024 se realizó el primer acercamiento a dicha definición para el impuesto sobre la renta y para el IVA, pero, al momento de este análisis no está disponible el informe desagregado. Sumado a ello, los beneficios tributarios no son objeto de una evaluación permanente y efectiva que permita determinar su pertinencia, lo que ha generado una acumulación de incentivos, muchas veces injustificados y que implican un elevado GT para el país.
Sostenibilidad fiscal: La capacidad del Estado colombiano para mantener unas finanzas saludables y cumplir con la regla fiscal se está viendo afectada por el escaso recaudo tributario. Esto se debe no solo al estancamiento de la economía sino, a la existencia de numerosos beneficios impositivos que conducen a un elevado GT que, solo en 2021 y 2022 representó 7.4% y 7.8% del PIB respectivamente.
Recomendaciones de política: en Colombia se requiere una reestructuración del sistema tributario para hacerlo más eficiente, sostenible y equitativo. Los beneficios tributarios se deben evaluar y, en ciertos casos, desmontar gradualmente con el fin de contribuir a la justicia tributaria y a la simplicidad del sistema.

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In partnership with the government of South Africa, the African Union, and the Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, IPI co-hosted the inaugural forum on “Africa and the Global Order” under the theme Reform of the Global Financial Architecture: G20 Imperatives for Sustainable Debt and Inclusive Growth. This year’s G20 carries both substantive and symbolic weight, as it is the first ever hosted by an African country. Taking place at the end of South Africa’s presidency and ahead of the November summit, the event reflected on South Africa’s progress in advancing its stated priorities, particularly on debt sustainability and inclusivity in the global financial architecture.

The event was chaired by IPI President Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein and co-hosted by the governments of South Africa and the African Union, represented respectively by Ronald Ozzy Lamola, Minister of International Relations and Cooperation of South Africa, and Téte António, Minister of External Relations of the Republic of Angola and Chair of the Executive Council of the African Union. 

Participants had a frank discussion on regional issues held under the Chatham House Rule.

Atendees included Gesa Bräutigam, Director for Sub-Saharan Africa and the Sahel at the Federal Foreign Office, Germany; Márcio Burity, Political Advisor to the Minister of External Relations of Angola; Işıl Cemali Doğan, Deputy Directorate General for Multilateral Economic Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Türkiye; Berris Ekinci, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye; Philip Fox-Drummond Gough, Secretary for Economic and Financial Affairs in the Ministry of External Relations of the Federative Republic of Brazil; Shambhu Hakki, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of External Affairs of the Republic of India; Freya Jackson, Director of Multilateral and Human Rights at the Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Mathu Joyini, Permanent Representative of the Republic of South Africa to the United Nations; Thani Mohamed-Soilihi, Minister Delegate for Francophonie and International Partnerships of the French Republic; Masotsha Mnguni, Director of Economic Development at the Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO) and G20 Project Coordinator, South Africa; Stephen Del Rosso, Vice President, International Program at the Carnegie Corporation of New York; Hedda Samson, Deputy Head of the Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations; and Thomas Schnöll, Permanent Observer for the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development to the United Nations (OECD).

The post Inaugural Forum on Africa and the Global Order: A Focus on the G20 appeared first on International Peace Institute.

A felvételi során egy önéletrajzot, egy motivációs levelet és egy rövid esszét szükséges megküldenetek 2025. október. 10. 23:59-ig a biztpolszakkoll@gmail.com  e-mail címre. Az esszétémák, illetve a kidolgozás szempontjai alább láthatók.

 

A benyújtandó dokumentumok formai követelményei: docx formátum, Times New Roman betűtípus, 12-es betűméret, 1,5-es sorköz. Az önéletrajz és a motivációs levél terjedelme maximum 1-1 oldal legyen.

 

A felvételi során egy rövid leíró esszét (minimum fél oldal) kell elkészítened, amelyet az önéletrajzzal és motivációs levéllel egy üzenetben, de mindenképp külön dokumentumban szeretnénk megkapni. Az elkészítés során ezekre figyelj:

 

Az alábbi 12 témakör egyikét válaszd!

A felhasznált forrásokra mindenképp hivatkozz! A hivatkozás formáját azonban nem kötjük meg, azt megteheted lábjegyzetben, végjegyzetben vagy hiperhivatkozással is. Legalább 3 forrást használj.

A véleményedre is kíváncsiak vagyunk, ne félj leírni!

Ha bármilyen kérdésed adódik az esszével kapcsolatban, a biztpolszakkoll@gmail.com címen tudsz segítséget kérni.

Az online fordulót  egy motivációs és egyben szakmai  beszélgetés követi, amely időpontjáról e-mailben tájékoztatjuk a pályázókat.

Idén a Biztonságpolitikai Szakkollégium minden kutatóműhelye külön esszétémát hirdet meg, amelyek közül választhatsz.

Közel-Kelet-műhely:

1. téma: Proxyháborúk kiéleződése: Irán és Izrael szerepe.
2. téma: Katonai modernizáció és növekvő védelmi kiadások a Perzsa-öböl államaiban.
3. téma: A Vörös-tengeri hajózás biztonsága.

Távol-Kelet-műhely:

1. téma: Tajvan védelme: regionális ügy vagy globális nagyhatalmi felelősség?
2. téma: Észak-Korea nukleáris fenyegetése: elrettentés vagy tárgyalás a járható út?
3. téma: Az ukrán-orosz front hadművészeti tanulságai az indo-csendes-óceáni térség potenciális háborúira.

Afrika-műhely:

1. A Wagner-csoport és az orosz befolyás növekedése a Száhel-övezetben.
2. Terrorizmus és államépítés: Boko Haram és az Iszlám Állam Nyugat-Afrikában. A nigériai és a környező országok biztonságpolitikai dilemmái.
3. A Vörös-tenger és a Bab el-Mandeb-szoros stratégiai jelentősége.

Hadtörténelem-műhely:

1. Mutasd be a délszláv konfliktus különböző szakaszait, és a jelenlegi béketámogató missziók létrejöttét!
2. Vázold fel, hogyan szerezte meg az Orosz Föderáció a Krím-félszigetet 2014-ben!
3. Hasonlítsd össze az 1967-es Hatnapos, és az 1973-as Jom Kippuri háborút!

 

Jó munkát és sikeres pályázatot kívánunk mindenkinek!

A Diákbizottság

 

 

A Felvételi segédlet 2025. ősz bejegyzés először Biztonságpolitika-én jelent meg.

Lien zoom :
https://univ-amu-fr.zoom.us/j/99698494397?pwd=ODlFEJx4aCXgygCiAWKJHxRF3kLqFP.1

- Agenda / En ligne, Bosnie-Herzégovine

Lien zoom :
https://univ-amu-fr.zoom.us/j/99698494397?pwd=ODlFEJx4aCXgygCiAWKJHxRF3kLqFP.1

- Agenda / En ligne, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Agenda - Diaporama

Un journaliste infiltré de la BBC a découvert qu'un réseau financé par Moscou propose de payer pour des publications sur les réseaux sociaux qui sapent le parti au pouvoir en Moldavie.

Somalia's President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud says he is a prime target of the Islamist group al-Shabab.

Le secrétaire général du Parlement, Alessandro Chiocchetti, juge les débats tenus dans l’institution ennuyeux parce que les commissaires s’en tiennent trop rigoureusement à des textes préparés à l’avance.

The post Pour le secrétaire-général du Parlement européen, les discours préparés rendent les débats ennuyeux appeared first on Euractiv FR.

The battle for Kordofan, with a population of eight million, is the latest frontline in Sudan's civil war.

Event Video 
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Strategic philanthropy holds immense potential to drive large-scale social change, yet its impact is often constrained by a lack of data, research, and leadership. Addressing the world’s most intractable problems requires collaboration between philanthropy, government, and business.

On September 24th, IPI hosted a Global Leaders Series event featuring H.E. Badr Jafar, author of the book The Business of Philanthropy: Perspectives and Insights from Global Thought Leaders on How to Change the World.

The book, The Business of Philanthropy, features diverse insights into the power of strategic philanthropy to inform, inspire, and mobilize the next generation of social innovators in their pursuit of positive social and environmental impact.

Speakers:
H.E. Badr Jafar, Special Envoy for Business and Philanthropy, United Arab Emirates, and author of The Business of Philanthropy
Tsitsi Masiyiwa, Chair of Higherlife Foundation, Chair and Co-Founder of Delta Philanthropies, Chair of Co-Impact, Chair of END Fund, and a founding board member of the African Philanthropy Forum
Jacqueline Novogratz, Founder and CEO of Acumen

Moderator:
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, President and CEO, International Peace Institute

The post Global Leaders Series: Insights from The Business of Philanthropy appeared first on International Peace Institute.

Dauer des Videos : 135'

Haftungsausschluss : Die Verdolmetschung der Debatten soll die Kommunikation erleichtern, sie stellt jedoch keine authentische Aufzeichnung der Debatten dar. Authentisch sind nur die Originalfassungen der Reden bzw. ihre überprüften schriftlichen Übersetzungen.
Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2025 - EP

The Agriculture and Rural Development Committee adopted its position on Wednesday on a proposal to simplify the current EU common agricultural policy.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The Agriculture and Rural Development Committee adopted its position on Wednesday on a proposal to simplify the current EU common agricultural policy.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The Agriculture and Rural Development Committee adopted its position on Wednesday on a proposal to simplify the current EU common agricultural policy.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

The Agriculture and Rural Development Committee adopted its position on Wednesday on a proposal to simplify the current EU common agricultural policy.
Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development

Source : © European Union, 2025 - EP

A powerful 6.0-magnitude earthquake struck eastern Afghanistan late on 31 August 2025, with its epicenter near Jalalabad in Nangarhar province. A shortage of female doctors left women untreated as the quake’s toll mounted. Credit: UNICEF/Amin Meerzad

By External Source
KABUL, Sep 24 2025 (IPS)

In normal times, women in Afghanistan face dire living conditions relative to their counterparts in other parts of the world, given the iron grip of Taliban repression. However, the powerful 6.0-magnitude earthquake that struck the eastern Afghan provinces of Kunar, Nangarhar, and Laghman at the end of August was out of the ordinary.

It was the deadliest quake to hit earthquake-prone Afghanistan in decades, and humanitarian efforts to reach the most vulnerable – usually women, children, and the elderly – were overwhelmed.

In the affected areas, a serious shortage of female doctors led to a higher toll among women because male doctors did not have easy access to female victims due to gender segregation

Nearly 700,000 homes and 500 hectares of farmland were damaged in Kunar alone, according to Afghan authorities.

But the only factor that was not a force of nature is the gender-based restrictions instituted by the Taliban, which aggravated the crisis for Afghan women.

In the affected areas, a serious shortage of female doctors led to a higher toll among women because male doctors did not have easy access to female victims due to gender segregation.

“Taliban edicts bar women from moving freely without a male guardian, ban them from many forms of work and strictly limit access to healthcare,” according to a report by the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan.

In the aftermath of the deadly quake, residents from Kunar and Jalalabad told us that women in these areas faced shortages of safe shelter and drinking water, while also battling women’s health issues.

The condition of women and children in other areas such as Kunar, Nangarhar, and Laghman was equally poor.

The total death toll from the earthquake is estimated at 2,200 people. The exact number of women casualties remains unclear, but health workers in the affected areas have reported high death tolls among women and children.

Sharifa Aziz (a pseudonym), a member of the UNICEF relief team who spent three days in various parts of Kunar province, told us over the phone: “The situation is extremely dire. When we first arrived, women cried tears of joy at seeing us. They said, ‘God’s angels have come to us.’” Their jubilation was understandable.

There were insufficient female workers to serve women’s needs, stemming from the Taliban’s overall clampdown on women’s participation in the labour market. Their participation in international humanitarian organizations’ work is also strictly limited.

As the earthquake was still unfolding, Susan Ferguson, the UN Women Special Representative in Afghanistan, put out a statement: “Women and girls will again bear the brunt of this disaster, so we must ensure their needs are at the heart of the response and recovery,” she warned.

According to her, after the major earthquake that hit Herat in 2023, “nearly six out of 10 of those who lost their lives were women, and nearly two-thirds of those injured were women.”

After the quake struck, local news sources began reporting that the majority of the victims were women and children.

In some households, as many as five or six children lost their lives, and the death toll among women and the elderly was alarmingly high.

The Taliban eventually dispatched a team of mobile health workers to Kunar only after images from social media circulated on local television showing a shortage of female doctors in the affected area, according to Abdulqadeem Abrar, spokesperson for the Afghan Red Crescent Society.

However, residents say that with the rising number of injured people, they continue to face a shortage of female medical staff.

“After the severe earthquake in our area, we came to the hospital and brought in patients here. There is a serious shortage of female doctors. If there were more female doctors here, we would not have had to transfer our patients elsewhere,” complained Chenar Gul, a resident of Kunar.

As Tajudeen Oyewale, UNICEF’s representative in Afghanistan, pointed out in a posting on X, the role of female doctors is critical in responding to disasters such as earthquakes.

He added that female doctors treat children and women as well as men affected by the earthquake in these provinces. However, in humanitarian agencies without female staff, or where access is restricted, it is feared that women can be left untreated for several hours.

The growing concerns over the shortage of female doctors and healthcare workers—a contributory factor to the high toll exacted on women—should have brought home to the Taliban the negative impact of their policy. But in recent remarks, Zabihullah Mujahid, a Taliban leader, described the issue of girls’ education as “minor.”

For the fourth consecutive year, the Taliban have kept all universities, institutions, and medical training centers for girls and women closed, including specialized nursing and medical technology centers.

The scale of destruction caused by the 6.0-magnitude earthquake was exacerbated by poor infrastructure and a fragile healthcare system—a legacy of a country emerging from decades of military conflict—which explains the unacceptably high number of casualties.

However, it is within human capability to mitigate the severe impact of such recurring events on women. All it takes is for the international community to stand in solidarity with Afghan women by bringing relentless pressure on the Taliban government.

Excerpt:

The author is an Afghanistan-based female journalist, trained with Finnish support before the Taliban take-over. Her identity is withheld for security reasons

Le commissaire européen aux Migrations, Magnus Brunner, a convoqué les États membres le mois prochain pour une réunion informelle afin de discuter du futur mécanisme de solidarité envisagé dans le cadre du Pacte européen sur les migrations.

The post Le commissaire Magnus Brunner appelle les ministres de l’UE à discuter de la répartition de la charge migratoire appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Un récent rapport met en lumière l’élargissement du rôle des pharmaciens, qui offrent désormais une gamme étendue de services de santé au‑delà de la simple délivrance de médicaments. Cette évolution suscite des inquiétudes parmi les médecins.

The post Vaccins, dépistages… Quand les pharmaciens empiètent sur le travail des médecins appeared first on Euractiv FR.

Stellungnahme zu dem Gesamthaushaltsplan der Europäischen Union für das Haushaltsjahr 2026 – alle Einzelpläne
Ausschuss für Sicherheit und Verteidigung
Marie-Agnes Strack-Zimmermann

Quelle : © Europäische Union, 2025 - EP

Event Video 
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IPI together with the Permanent Mission of Ireland to the United Nations, and the Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, in partnership with Our Secure Future and the Nobel Women’s Initiative, cohosted the annual “Women, Peace, and Leadership Symposium on Women’s Leadership for International Peace and Security” on September 24th. Now in its eighth year, this symposium aims to ensure that WPS is not only discussed within the UN Security Council during “WPS week” in October but is also integrated into broader high-level discussions at the UN.

This year, the Women, Peace, and Leadership Symposium returns to the foundation of the series and focuses on women’s leadership in international peace and security. The discussion examined women’s leadership in formal political spaces, within conflict settings, at the community level, and in areas that are crucial to international peace and security, including technology. While this event highlighted innovations and successes in women’s leadership, the conversation encouraged people of all genders to fight these barriers and be accountable to international obligations to increase women’s participation.

Opening Remarks:
Hiroyuki Saruhashi, Director, Gender Mainstreaming Division at Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan

Speakers:
H.E. Fergal Mythen, Permanent Representative of Ireland to the United Nations
Sahana Dharmapuri, Vice President of Our Secure Future and Vice President of the PAX sapiens Foundation
Pablo Arrocha, Legal Advisor, Mexico Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Tawakkol Karman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate
Sarah Hendriks, Director of Policy, Programme, and Intergovernmental Support Division (PPID), UN Women

Moderator:
Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein, President and CEO, International Peace Institute

Closing Remarks:
Phoebe Donnelly, IPI Senior Fellow and Head of Women, Peace, and Security

The post Women, Peace, and Leadership Symposium on Women’s Leadership for International Peace and Security appeared first on International Peace Institute.