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By Herbert Wulf
DUISBURG, Germany, Dec 19 2024 (IPS)

Donald Trump, president-elect of the USA, wants to end the Ukraine war within a day, as he has emphasized several times, but without saying how. Despite the brutal clashes on the ground in Ukraine, do negotiations now have a chance? Are we near to a “ripe moment” for negotiations?

The war continues unabated. There is no end in sight. Can we hope that Donald Trump will find a personal connection to Vladimir Putin to end this war? The phone call on 15 November between German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and Putin – the first telephone contact in two years – was sobering because Putin only reaffirmed his already known positions: He is ready for negotiations, but only on his terms. In other words, recognition of the “new territorial realities” and “consideration of Russian security interests”. In concrete terms, this would mean the handover of the four regions in eastern Ukraine, parts of which are occupied by Russia, and Crimea. Scholz called for negotiations with the aim of a “just and lasting peace”, which is primarily aimed at the withdrawal of Russian troops.

The Russian attack and Ukrainian defence have turned into a war of exhaustion, with current military advantages for Russia. The Russian strategy can be described as an escalation with the hope of a military victory. So far, Ukraine and its supporters have reacted with intense resistance. Western support has escalated with the delivery of more effective weapons and belief that victory is still possible. But increasingly a certain fatigue can be felt among them and Trump has made it clear that the massive support will no longer come from the USA.

What is the consequence for the Ukraine war, and what is the alternative to this battle with more and more deaths? Negotiations now? Is there a chance for peace without military victory? But neither side is ready yet for serious negotiations. Ukrainian President Volodymir Zelensky was not happy about Scholz’s initiative and spoke of a policy of appeasement, also because the call counteracts Putin’s international isolation.

The American political scientist William Zartman speaks of the necessary “ripeness” of a conflict as a prerequisite for the success of negotiations. The concept of “ripe moments” centres, according to Zartman, on the adversaries’ perceptions of “hurting stalemates”. The willingness to negotiate increases when both sides realize that a military victory is not possible and that the military potential, i.e. soldiers and weapons, is no longer sufficient. The depressing conclusion is that today, even after almost 1,000 days of war, this situation does not exist in Russia or Ukraine. But the increasing logistical bottlenecks on both sides, the irreplaceable, irrecoverable and permanent losses are perhaps an indication that the conflict is in a process of maturing for negotiations. Even Russia, with its present territorial advances, seems not able to replace its casualties. The arrival of about 10,000 North Korean troops in Russia raises the question of whether the Kremlin can make up for its enormous losses.

Different scenarios

Four scenarios are conceivable, all of which are far from an ideal solution.

First, it is not inconceivable that the war, which has now lasted almost three years, with all its destruction and loss of life, will continue for another few years without an end in sight.

Second, Donald Trump could actually strike a deal with Vladimir Putin, presumably at the expense of Ukraine. Trump believes in deals. Russia would receive the parts of Ukraine it occupies, a demilitarized zone would be established along this border within Ukraine, Ukraine would receive security guarantees (from NATO, the United Nations, or a grouping of neutral states), and a peace treaty would be postponed until later. And “later” could mean decades without a peace treaty.

Third, one side could win militarily. Unlikely, but not completely out of the question. The Kremlin firmly believes in this possibility and is assured by its territorial gains in recent weeks. At the same time, the Russian leadership underestimated Ukraine’s will to resist at the beginning of the full invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and then had to significantly limit its war goals, the overthrow of the government in Kyiv and the integration of Ukraine into the Russian Federation.

The fourth scenario, a ceasefire and a frozen conflict. There are a number of conflicts that are in this state of having no real solution. In recent years, the situation in Korea has been referred to several times in order to consider a similar solution to the Ukraine war. This scenario is perhaps the most likely.

Ceasefire and a frozen conflict: The Korean solution

Of course, every conflict is different, and the respective conditions also differ. Nevertheless, there might be both conflict patterns and patterns of conflict resolution that could provide clues to Ukraine’s future. Sergey Radchenko, a historian at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in the US, pointed out parallels to the Korean War in an op-ed in the New York Times after a year of the Ukraine war. More than 70 years ago, in July 1953, an armistice agreement and the establishment of a demilitarized zone led to the freezing of this war and the division of Korea into two separate states.

Recently, Joseph S. Nye, one of the most influential political scientists in the USA, pointed to a “Korean solution” in an article entitled “What Would Victory in Ukraine Look Like?”. He writes: “If Ukraine defines victory as the return of all land that Russia has occupied since 2014, victory is not in sight. But if it aims to maintain its independence as a prosperous democracy linked to Europe, while reserving its right to the ultimate return of its territory, victory remains possible.” The Korean War also swayed back and forth from 1950 to 1953. Like what is happening now in Ukraine, neither the north nor the south, nor their respective supporters, were prepared to end the war quickly because of hopes of a military victory. The Korean armistice agreement of July 1953 stipulated the status quo ante with the division of the country at the 38th parallel. Korea is still a divided country, and the conflict is a frozen one. A peace treaty was never concluded and the so-called demilitarized zone along the border between the two states is one of the most militarized borders in the world. A permanent ceasefire was reached without a peace agreement.

Proponents of a “Korean solution” point out that the destruction and loss of life has ended, and that South Korea has now become a resilient democracy and emerging economic power. Democratic development and integration in Western Europe could then follow in the same way in Ukraine.

Critics of such a solution describe the Korean ceasefire as a “non-solution”. The Swiss historian Roland Popp, who researches at the Military Academy of the University ETH Zurich, writes that this Korean solution “also covers four decades of one of the most brutal dictatorships in the world, massacres of tens of thousands of civilians … or the assassination of the president by the director of the South Korean CIA in 1979.” And he points to the immense costs and uncertainties for Western Europe.

In 1953, a Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission was set up in Korea. In the more than seven decades of the existence of the armistice agreement there have been numerous military skirmishes on the border. North Korea’s nuclear weapons program is a threat, just as the North calls the South Korean military with its ally the United States a threat. Precisely for this reason, is it remarkable that this agreement has prevented a new war with heavy losses for more than seven decades. The consequences of a Korean solution for the situation in Europe would probably also mean, as in the case of the Korean peninsula, arms races as during the early days of the Cold War

Neutral states could also play an important role in ending the Ukraine war: for example, India, South Africa, Brazil or Switzerland. If neither side makes significant gains in Ukraine, a ceasefire would not be impossible. Presumably, the Ukrainians would not regain all the territories occupied by Russia. Russia could interpret the abandonment of its actual goal as a partial victory in order to save face. The conflict would be frozen. Not a nice result, but still the end of the war. A frozen conflict is better than a hot war. But the history of frozen wars shows that they can turn into hot wars again at any time. In the case of Ukraine, the imposition of an unfair solution could possibly result in Ukrainian partisan resistance.

A possible fifth scenario, a peace agreement that is binding under international law, with an agreement between Russia and Ukraine, currently seems to be completely out of the question.

Related articles by this author:
– Agonizing over Europe’s Defence: Some Narratives are Getting Ahead of the Facts
– Boots on the ground
– Ten Take-Aways on Russia’s War and Five Ideas for the Future of Ukraine and Beyond

Herbert Wulf is a Professor of International Relations and former Director of the Bonn International Center for Conflict Studies (BICC). He is presently a Senior Fellow at BICC, an Adjunct Senior Researcher at the Institute for Development and Peace, University of Duisburg/Essen, Germany, and a Research Affiliate at the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Otago, New Zealand. He serves on the Scientific Council of SIPRI.

This article was issued by the Toda Peace Institute and is being republished from the original with their permission.

IPS UN Bureau

 

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Le sénateur monte au front contre une inégalité entre apprentis et universitaires dans les rachats du 2e pilier. La gauche est sceptique.

Depuis la fin des mesures d'instruction à la CRIET dans le cadre de l'affaire de tentative d'assassinat du Chef de l'Etat, les avocats de Oswald Homeky et Olivier BOKO usant de leurs droits ont multiplié plusieurs procédures aux fins de perturber la procédure en cours. Tour à tour , la chambre d'appel de Criet et la Cour constitutionnelle ont été saisies soit pour vice de procédure, soit pour inconstitutionnalité.
Sur toute la ligne, les exceptions soulevées par les avocats ont été rejetées.
Sur la dernière requête en cours, La Cour constitutionnelle par décision en date du 19 décembre 2024 sur les deux exceptions d'inconstitutionnalité soulevées par les avocats a déclaré irrecevable l'exception d'inconstitutionnalité présentée par les conseils des inculpés le 28 novembre 2024.

Par la suite, la Cour constitutionnelle a également rejeté la deuxième exception d'inconstitutionnalité, soumise par les mêmes conseils le 11 décembre 2024.
Selon un avocat, qui a requis l'anonymat, toutes ces procédures initiées par les avocats participent d'une stratégie de dilatoire à laquelle bon nombre d'avocats font recours dans l'optique de faire perdre du temps. Par dilatoire, il faut entendre ce qui est lent, tardif, ce qui tarde à agir, ce qui tend à différer, à retarder une procédure, une instance ou l'exécution d'une décision.
Avec ce dernier verdict, le peuple béninois a désormais les yeux braqués vers la chambre d'instruction de la Criet qui peut prononcer le non lieu ou la comparution des inculpés .
Nous y reviendrons

Le débat autour des réparations financières pour les crimes commis par la France en Algérie refait surface. Récemment relancé par le politologue français Thomas Guénolé, […]

L’article Thomas Guénolé : la France doit financièrement indemniser l’Algérie  est apparu en premier sur .

L’ancien Premier ministre polonais Mateusz Morawiecki a salué le rôle des Conservateurs et Réformistes européens (CRE) — groupe d'extrême droite au Parlement européen — en tant que « courtier honnête » dans la construction d’alliances, alors qu’il se prépare à prendre la tête du parti en 2025.

The United Nations Security Council met on December 17 to discuss Syria’s transitional period following the end of Assad’s regime. Credit: UN Photo/Manuel Elías

By Oritro Karim
UNITED NATIONS, Dec 19 2024 (IPS)

The fall of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad came about following a series of coordinated offensive missions spearheaded by the Syrian opposition which resulted in the seizure of the capital city Damascus. In the days following the fall of Assad’s government, the Syrian Civil War has reached a phase of heightened insecurity, plunging Syria into a state of nationwide insecurity.

On December 7, the Syrian opposition, also known as the Southern Operation Room , led by the Islamic political organization Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, coordinated an offensive mission in the Rif Dimashq region of Syria, resulting in the Syrian Arab Army withdrawing their forces from Damascus. This, coupled with a concurrent offensive mission, led by the opposition and the Syrian National Army, resulted in the rebels seizing control of Damascus and Homs, marking the end of Assad’s regime in Syria.

For approximately 53 years, the Assad clan has exercised authoritarian rule over Syria, with an extensively documented history of mass incarcerations, executions, and violations of international humanitarian law.

According to a press release from the International Committee of the Red Cross (IRC), during Assad’s 13 year rule over Syria, there have been 35,000 documented cases of enforced disappearances, with accurate numbers likely being far larger.

In a press release issued by Amnesty International, Secretary General Agnès Callamard emphasized the brutality of the Assad family’s rule, saying, “Under the rule of Bashar al-Assad, and before him his father Hafez al-Assad, Syrians have been subjected to a horrifying catalogue of human rights violations that caused untold human suffering on a vast scale. This included attacks with chemical weapons, barrel bombs, and other war crimes, as well as murder, torture, enforced disappearance and extermination that amount to crimes against humanity.”

Following Assad’s departure, thousands of Syrian civilians flooded the streets to celebrate. World leaders also expressed their satisfaction with the end of Assad’s regime. In a televised speech, U.S. president Joe Biden said “At long last, the Assad regime has fallen. This regime brutalized, tortured, and killed hundreds of thousands of innocent Syrians. The fall of the regime is a fundamental act of justice.”

“The Syrian people have suffered under Assad’s barbaric regime for too long and we welcome his departure. Our focus is now on ensuring a political solution prevails, and peace and stability is restored,” said United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer. Other nations such as France, Canada, and Germany, have indicated relief after Assad’s fall.

The United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU) have reported plans to further monitor the developing situation in Syria and facilitate a peaceful transition of power. “Our priority is to ensure security in the region. I will work with all the constructive partners, in Syria and in the region. The process of rebuilding Syria will be long and complicated and all parties must be ready to engage constructively,” said EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas in a social media statement posted to X (formerly known as Twitter). The UN’s special envoy for Syria, Geir Pederson, called for urgent talks in Geneva to discuss measures that will be taken to achieve an “orderly political transition.”

Following Assad’s removal from office, the overall security situation in Syria has become increasingly volatile. According to figures from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), clashes between armed coalitions remain regular in Syria, particularly in Aleppo and Al-Raqqa. Since the escalation of hostilities in late November, an estimated 1.1 million people in Syria have been internally displaced, particularly in Aleppo, Idleb, Hama and Homs.

According to a report from the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), civilian casualties in Syria have risen significantly since the escalation of hostilities, with hundreds having been killed or injured from November to December 8. North-west Syria has seen the most violence, with over 75 civilians having been killed, including 28 children and 11 women. At least 282 others have sustained critical injuries as well, including 106 children and 56 women.

Partners of the UN have discovered at least 52 minefields scattered across Syria in the first ten days of December. Syria’s healthcare system has seen considerable disruptions due to damage from warfare and looting. Hospitals have become overwhelmed due to the sheer influx of injured persons, with psychological distress and trauma being widespread, particularly in children. Movement restrictions and curfews have significantly hampered humanitarian missions.

Additionally, Israel has capitalized on the chaos in Syria, targeting the nation’s military assets. Syria has long been recognized as an ally of Iran, an enemy of Israel. On December 10, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) launched 480 airstrikes on military operations and equipment in Damascus, Homs, Tartus, Latakia and Palmyra.

Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz stated that these attacks were to guarantee the security of Israel as well as to achieve a “security zone free of heavy strategic weapons and terrorist infrastructures” in southern Syria. Despite the absence of Irani forces in Syria, Israeli Defense Minister Israel Katz stated that these attacks were to guarantee a “security zone free of heavy strategic weapons and terrorist infrastructures” in southern Syria.

Nadav Shoshani, a spokesperson for the IDF, denied reports that Israeli forces are to head toward Damascus, but confirmed that they were operating beyond the buffer zone in Syria. However, Shoshani stated that Israel will not interfere with the “internal events” occurring in Syria.

Political analysts have expressed concern for the future of the Middle East following the toppling of Assad’s regime. Marco Carnelos, the former Middle East peace process coordinator special envoy for Syria for the Italian government, described Assad’s ousting as “one of the biggest geopolitical tectonic shifts since the Sykes-Picot agreements in 1916 and the understandings reached at the end of the First World War,” adding that certain nations, such as Iraq and Algeria will have a mixed reaction, while others “will breathe a sigh of relief.”

Arab states, such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), will be particularly sensitive to further developments in Syria that are motivated by civilian dissidence, fearing that Syria could inspire similar reactions in other Middle Eastern sovereignties.

Sarah Leah Whitson, the Executive Director of Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN), informed reporters that Arab states will “make efforts to contain HTS and build alliances with an HTS-government primarily guided by the hope that what emerges will be friendly to them and their interests” in the wake of this major transitional period of Syrian history.

Barbara Slavin, a fellow at the Washington-based Stimson Center and a lecturer in international affairs at George Washington University, states that the success of the Syrian opposition will likely “inspire jihadis in their own countries” to commit similar acts of rebellion and will also shine a light on the injustices committed by their governments.

The international community remains hopeful that the demise of Assad’s regime will bring forth an opportunity for positive development in Syria. Rima Farah, a lecturer at Northeastern University who studies the cultural and political history of the Middle East, opines that the end of Assad’s dictatorship provides the Syrian people with an indispensable opportunity to construct “a (democratic) state with a constitution that protects everyone.”

Political analysts have noted numerous parallels in the Syria situation and the protests that resulted in Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fleeing from Bangladesh to India. Both the Syria and Bangladesh situations were born of civilian discontent with their governments, resulting in protests and acts of rebellion, causing the incumbent leader to abandon their offices and flee to another country.

This is a testament to the importance of the civilian role in policy and decision-making processes. Furthermore, these two developments show that the government must be held accountable for measures that do not serve everyone equally.

Thameen Al-Kheetan, a spokesperson for the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR), told our correspondent that accountability is crucial in rebuilding Syria after 14 years of political instability. “This moment carries great hope as much as it raises huge challenges and legitimate uncertainty for Syrians. Accountability is one of the most important issues. Any transitional justice initiative should be inclusive, involve victims and ensure accountability for all past violations and abuses, those committed by the previous government and by all other parties to the conflict. To that end, the current authorities should ensure the preservation of evidence and facilitate the work of our Office as well as international mechanisms,” said Al-Kheetan.

Special Envoy Pederson added that it is imperative for Israeli bombardment and clashes between armed groups in Syria to stop to achieve substantial progress. “There is a real opportunity for change, but this opportunity needs to be grasped by the Syrians themselves and supported by the UN and the international community,” Pederson said.

IPS UN Bureau Report

 

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Chaque année, des millions de personnes dans le monde apprennent qu’elles sont atteintes d’un cancer du poumon. Longtemps synonyme de pronostic sombre, cette maladie fait […]

L’article Nouvelles perspectives dans la lutte contre le cancer du poumon est apparu en premier sur .

Nous sommes en 2025, et nos villes se métamorphosent sous l’impulsion de technologies de pointe et d’enjeux environnementaux pressants. Pour répondre à ces défis, de […]

L’article BELUX Eclairage / Constantine 2025 : Focus sur les nouveaux métiers de la ville est apparu en premier sur .

Un négociant basé à Genève est le premier ressortissant européen sanctionné par l’UE pour des soupçons de transactions liées au pétrole russe. Une affaire aux allures de roman d’espionnage.

Sicherheitsgarantien von europäischen Staaten allein würden „für die Ukraine nicht ausreichen“, sagte der ukrainische Präsident Wolodymyr Selenskyj. Zusagen solcher Art müssten von einem Engagement der USA begleitet werden.

Le ministère du Commerce a ordonné le retrait des certificats de respect pour les importateurs qui n’ont pas respecté leurs « obligations déclaratives ». Dans une démarche […]

L’article Ministère du Commerce : Retrait des certificats de respect pour cette catégorie d’importateurs est apparu en premier sur .

La Cour de répression des infractions économiques et du terrorisme (CRIET) a accordé la liberté provisoire à 7 membres de l'équipage du navire échoué à la plage de Fidjrossè en juin 2024.

Liberté sous caution pour certains membres de l'équipage du navire SPSL UDEME échoué à la plage de Fidjrossè. 7 membres sur les 14 que poursuit la CRIET dans ce dossier bénéficient désormais d'une liberté provisoire. Les bénéficiaires selon la décision de la CRIET, doivent payer une caution de un million de francs CFA chacun.
Cependant, le commandant du navire et 5 autres membres de l'équipage resteront en prison pour la suite du procès.
Il en est de même pour l'ex-commandant de la base navale de Cotonou, le commandant de la base fluviale et un officier de la marine. La juridiction spéciale a rejeté leur demande de mise en liberté.
Le dossier est renvoyé au 23 janvier 2025.
L'affaire relative au navire échoué à la plage de Fidjrossè implique au total 18 personnes dont les 14 nigérians membres de l'équipage du bateau, 3 officiers et un contrebandier de produits pétroliers.
Parmi les 7 personnes libérées, il y a des cuisiniers, des soudeurs, des mécaniciens et leurs apprentis.
Les personnes inculpées dans ce dossier sont poursuivies pour abus de fonction, complicité d'abus de fonction, trafic de produits pétroliers, navigation sans titre et infractions aux règles.

F. A. A.

L’ancien international algérien, Farouk Belkaid, a fait une folle comparaison. Selon lui, l’attaquant de la JS Kabylie, Kouceila Boualia, est meilleur que l’attaquant de l’équipe […]

L’article « Boualia est meilleur que cet international algérien », estime Belkaid est apparu en premier sur .

Miss Bénin, la plus prestigieuse des concours de beauté n'est plus organisé au Bénin depuis plusieurs années. Suspendu après la dernière édition en 2017, ce concours qui offre des opportunités aux jeunes ambassadrices de la beauté béninoises, mérite d'être relancé dans un nouveau format pour le bonheur des bénéficiaires et l'image du pays.

Plus d'organisation du concours Miss au Bénin depuis sept (07) ans. Cet événement qui permet aux jeunes femmes de s'exprimer et de démontrer leur engagement social tout en mettant en avant les richesses culturelles et touristiques du pays est suspendu au Bénin depuis 2018.

La dernière édition organisée en 2017 a vu le couronnement de la représentante des Collines Christelle Lougbégnon en tant que Miss Bénin au titre de l'année 2018. Mais depuis, le silence règne.
Alors que d'autres nations africaines, comme la Côte d'Ivoire ou le Togo continuent de briller grâce à leurs représentantes aux compétitions internationales, le Bénin reste absent.

Miss Bénin, c'est plus qu'un concours de beauté. Au-delà de son aspect de divertissement, ce concours est un outil de promotion touristique. La Miss nationale est une ambassadrice influente, capable de défendre des causes sociales et de sensibiliser la jeunesse sur les problématiques nouvelles et de faire rayonner le Bénin à l'international.

Pour redonner vie à ce concours, il est essentiel de repenser son organisation. Il ne s'agit pas simplement d'un retour à l'ancien format, mais d'une refonte stratégique qui ferait de Miss Bénin une véritable vitrine de la culture et du tourisme. Le gouvernement, pourrait confier l'organisation à une agence compétente en la matière, recrutée sur appel à candidature.

Relancer Miss Bénin, c'est investir dans l'avenir culturel et touristique du pays tout en donnant l'opportunité aux jeunes femmes ambitieuses et talentueuses de démontrer que beauté et intelligence peuvent s'allier pour porter haut les couleurs de la nation.
Comme le soulignait l'ex ministre de la Culture, Oswald Homéky lors de l'édition 2017, « ce n'est pas de la dépravation, mais une manière intelligente et moderne de vendre l'image du pays ».

Akpédjé Ayosso

Tschechien hatte eine Verschiebung der EU-weiten CO2-Abgaben auf Heiz- und Transportkraftstoffe um mehrere Jahre gefordert. Peter Liese, EU-Abgeordneter der CDU, hat die Erweiterung des Emissionshandels mitverhandelt - und ist von der Idee eines Aufschubs nicht begeistert.

MEP Andreas Schwab (EPP) hailed the move as a “special day for the DMA."

The post Commission pushes Apple towards interoperability under DMA appeared first on Euractiv.

L’euro poursuit sa chute sur le marché noir algérien, et passe sous la barre des 250 dinars ce 19 décembre 2024 ! Après avoir battu […]

L’article Marché noir des devises : la baisse de l’euro et du dollar se poursuit en Algérie est apparu en premier sur .

Retarder l’application du système d’échange de quotas d’émission de l’UE pour les carburants routiers et de chauffage (SEQE 2) — prévue pour 2027 — risque d’exacerber les impacts négatifs sur la société, a déclaré à Euractiv l’eurodéputé Peter Liese.

Afin d'assurer le transfert des patients vers les hôpitaux de référence, 24 ambulances médicalisées ont été mises à la disposition des formations sanitaire du département du Borgou. La cérémonie officielle de réception a lieu à la préfecture le lundi 16 décembre 2024.

Le gouvernement dans son ambition d'améliorer les services de santé au sein des hôpitaux a acquis dans le cadre de Programme d'action 2021-2026, 200 ambulances médicalisées. Sur ce total, 24 ont été mis à la disposition des formations sanitaires du département du Borgou le lundi 16 décembre dernier.
Pour le préfet du Borgou, l'Exécutif à travers ce geste prouve son engagement quotidien à améliorer les conditions de vie des populations. « Ces ambulances, qui viennent s'ajouter à celles existantes, permettront d'assurer de façon efficace, la gestion du transfert des patients par les services d'aide médicalisés et d'urgence vers les hôpitaux de référence. Elles contribueront à remédier aux difficultés rencontrées dans le référencement des malades, surtout dans les zones rurales. Ce qui favorisera leur évacuation dans des conditions optimales », a confié Djibril Mama Cissé à La Nation.
Après avoir salué le geste du gouvernement qui permet d'améliorer les conditions de travail et d'intervention des agents de santé, le maire de la ville de Parakou, Inoussa Zimé Chabi, représentant le président de l'Association pour le développement des communes du Borgou (ADECOB), a invité les médecins coordonnateurs des zones sanitaires, à un bel usage.

F. A. A.