Jonas Jessen, from the Education and Family department, has been granted a scholarship from the German Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes) from June 2018 on.
The Dean of the Graduate Center, Prof. Weizsäcker congratulates him on his success!
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An evening discussion among peacebuilders was held at IPI, May 16, 2018, on women’s meaningful participation in negotiating peace and the implementation of peace agreements.
The meeting, convened by UN Women and IPI, brought together internationally recognized peacebuilders, officials from the United Nations, diplomats, and representatives of civil society. The event was held as part of an Expert Group Meeting (EGM) convened by UN Women in preparation for the Secretary-General’s annual report on women, peace and security, expected in October.
Teresa Whitfield, Director of the Policy and Mediation Division at the United Nations Department of Political Affairs; said that the meeting built upon the work these stakeholders have undertaken thus far to explore what makes women’s participation “meaningful” in the context of negotiating peace. She reminded participants that the Secretary-General’s report last year unequivocally stated, “inclusive processes should be the rule, not the exception.”
The EGM participants have worked to support joint strategizing to overcome the persistent barriers to inclusion, representation, and meaningful participation. The international community must continue to articulate ways of moving beyond words to action in implementation of women, peace and security commitments, she said.
The conversation was seen as one of the preliminary steps on the “collective road” to 2020, the year in which the landmark Security Council resolution 1325 will observe its 20th anniversary.
Ms. Whitfield moderated a panel discussion between Jean-Marie Guéhenno, President & CEO of the International Crisis Group, and member of the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation; and Rosa Emilia Salamanca, Director, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Action. Ms. Salamanca addressed inclusivity in the Colombian peace process and gender-sensitive peace agreements.
Overarching themes that emerged from the discussion included the need for meaningful participation of women in decision-making positions in all efforts to end conflict, including formal peace negotiations, as well as power sharing, disarmament and ceasefire arrangements, humanitarian access agreements and implementation mechanisms; women in leadership roles in negotiation teams; delivering on the commitment to civil society inclusion in mediation processes; the essential role of international community in the transition phase to support the implementation of gender-relevant provisions; and the importance of gender sensitive provisions in agreements for gender responsive implementation.
IPI Vice President Adam Lupel, and Paivi Kannisto, Chief, Peace and Security Section, UN Women delivered the opening remarks.
On May 16th, IPI together with the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, cohosted a policy forum to launch the publication of an IPI policy paper on the formulation of peacekeeping policy through intergovernmental bodies at the UN.
Partnerships are critical to effective UN peacekeeping, particularly in New York, where the Security Council, the Secretariat, and member states examine proposed reforms and seek consensus on the direction of peacekeeping. Yet throughout the nearly seventy-year history of UN peacekeeping, relations among key stakeholders have frequently fractured due to their often diverging interests. These differences have often been compounded by member states’ limited access to information on the roles and responsibilities of different UN bodies in taking forward peacekeeping reforms.
As the UN reaches another important junction in peacekeeping reform, this paper examines the intergovernmental processes and partnerships that support and guide the development of UN peacekeeping policy to identify what need to be considered to build consensus on its future direction.
Opening Remarks:
H.E. Ms. Gillian Bird, Permanent Representative of Australia to the United Nations
Mr. David Haeri, Director, Department for Policy, Evaluation and Training, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations
Speakers:
Ms. Lisa Sharland, Head of International Program, Australian Strategic Policy Institute
Ms. Inderjit Nijjar, First Secretary Peacekeeping, Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations
Mr. Eugene Chen, Office of the Under-Secretary-General, United Nations Department of Field Support
Colonel Sandeep Kapoor, Military Adviser to the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations
Dr. Craig Mills, First Secretary Peacekeeping and Africa, Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
Moderator:
Dr. Alexandra Novosseloff, Senior Visiting Fellow, International Peace Institute
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Debating Security Plus (DS+) is a unique global online brainstorm that aims to yield concrete recommendations in the area of peace, security and defence. Gathering several thousand participants from around the world, it is the only platform that permits a truly global whole-of-society consultation providing innovative recommendations for some of the world’s most pressing security challenges.
For the sixth time, the 2018 brainstorm will bring together senior international participants from the military, national governments, international organisations and agencies, along with voices from NGOs and civil society, business and industry, the media, think-tanks and academia. Their involvement in our security policy brainstorm will help bridge the gaps between experts and citizens, and their recommendations will aim to inform the implementation of the EU Global Strategy, as well as the policies of national governments and other international institutions as they shape their approaches to peace, security and defence.
From 19 June, 09:00 CEST to 20 June 20:00 CEST, the international security community will debate challenges and policy solutions relating to six different themes. The discussions will be moderated by leading international think-tanks and organisations that will steer discussions towards concrete recommendations.
Follow DS+ in Twitter and Facebook.
DIW-Studie untersucht studentische Erwerbstätigkeit mit Blick auf Studienleistungen und Dauer des Studiums – Bei einem Erwerbsumfang von 20 Prozent der Regelstudienzeit ist die Studiendauer rund zwei Monate länger – Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten sowie Vereinbarkeit von Studium und Nebenjob sollten verbessert werden
Bachelor-Studierende mit einem Nebenjob haben im Durchschnitt kaum schlechtere Abschlussnoten als nicht erwerbstätige Studierende, brauchen für ihr Studium aber etwas mehr Zeit. Das geht aus einer aktuellen Analyse des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) hervor. Auf Basis des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) ist die DIW-Bildungssoziologin Mila Staneva der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich ein Studentenjob auf die Studienleistungen und die Dauer des Studiums auswirkt. Dafür hat sie Daten von knapp 8 000 Studierenden untersucht, die im Herbst 2010 ein Bachelor-Studium aufnahmen. Die Analysen zeigen, dass Bachelor-Studierende, deren Erwerbstätigkeit gemessen an der Regelstudienzeit einen Anteil von 20 Prozent ausmacht, am Ende im Durchschnitt eine um 0,06 Punkte schlechtere Abschlussnote erreichen und circa zwei Monate länger für ihr Studium brauchen als Studierende, die nicht neben dem Studium arbeiten.
DIW-Studie untersucht relative und absolute soziale Mobilität im Berufsstatus der Jahrgänge 1939 bis 1971 in Westdeutschland – Vor allem für untere Statusgruppe verringert sich die soziale Durchlässigkeit hinsichtlich des Berufsstatus – In allen untersuchten Geburtsjahrgängen stiegen absolut betrachtet mehr Personen auf als ab – Männer steigen öfter ab als früher, Frauen steigen öfter auf
Von starker sozialer Durchlässigkeit mit Blick auf den Berufsstatus ist Deutschland immer noch weit entfernt. Das ist das Fazit einer Studie des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin), die die soziale Mobilität in Deutschland seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg auf Basis der Langzeitstudie Sozio-oekonomisches Panel (SOEP) untersucht hat. Dabei haben Autorin Sandra Bohmann und Autor Nicolas Legewie nicht nur die absolute soziale Mobilität unter die Lupe genommen, also inwieweit sich die tatsächliche soziale Stellung im Vergleich zu den Eltern verändert hat. Sie betrachteten auch die relative soziale Mobilität, also inwiefern Kinder im Vergleich zu anderen aus der gleichen Generation besser gestellt sind, als dies bei ihren Eltern der Fall war. So können die verhältnismäßigen Aufstiegswahrscheinlichkeiten in einer Gesellschaft untersucht werden.
Herr Legewie, Sie haben die soziale Mobilität im Berufsstatus untersucht. Was versteht man unter dem Begriff soziale Mobilität?
Unter sozialer Mobilität verstehen wir den Unterschied zwischen dem beruflichen Status von Personen und dem beruflichen Status ihrer Eltern. Wir haben untersucht, inwieweit sich der berufliche Status von Personen in Deutschland zum beruflichen Status ihrer Eltern unterscheidet. Dabei interessiert uns zum Beispiel die absolute soziale Mobilität, das heißt, wie viele Personen im Vergleich zu ihren Eltern einen höheren oder einen niedrigeren oder den gleichen beruflichen Status erreichen. Uns interessiert aber auch die relative soziale Mobilität, das heißt, inwiefern sich die Wahrscheinlichkeiten einen bestimmten beruflichen Status zu erreichen unterscheiden, je nachdem welchen beruflichen Status die Eltern innehatten.
Das Interview mit Nicolas Legewie wurde im DIW Wochenbericht 20/2018 veröffentlicht. Hier gibt es das Interview als PDF-Dokument und als Podcast
Die US-Regierung hat entschieden, die EU zumindest bis Ende Mai von Schutzzöllen auf Aluminium und Stahl auszunehmen. Entspannung will sich aber trotzdem nicht einstellen, weil in der EU unterschiedliche Politikstile kollidieren: Die deutsche Regierung will darauf setzen, Trump durch das Angebot gegenseitiger Zollsenkungen von seinem Plan abzubringen. Dagegen sehen andere Länder und die EU-Kommission offensichtlich nicht ein, dass man der US-Politik jetzt durch Zollgeschenke entgegenkomme, wo doch die USA die Regeln der Welthandelsorganisation WTO missachtet hätten; vielmehr sollten Gegenzölle in Erwägung gezogen werden. [...]
Der vollständige Kommentar von Ferdinand Fichtner aus dem DIW Wochenbericht 20/2018
Partnerships are critical to effective UN peacekeeping, particularly in New York, where the Security Council, the Secretariat, and member states examine proposed reforms and seek consensus on the direction of peacekeeping. Yet throughout the nearly seventy-year history of UN peacekeeping, relations among key stakeholders have frequently fractured due to their often diverging interests. These differences have been compounded by member states’ limited access to information on the roles and responsibilities of different UN bodies in taking forward peacekeeping reforms.
This paper examines the intergovernmental processes and partnerships that support and guide the development of UN peacekeeping policy to identify what needs to be considered to build consensus on its future direction. The paper offers several recommendations for the Secretariat, member states, and other stakeholders to strengthen the value and outcomes of intergovernmental processes, as well as the partnerships that guide the formulation of UN peacekeeping policy:
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On May 15th, an IPI policy forum invited participants to discuss how social contracts are developed and adapted to different contexts to transform what are often unsustainable, short-lived elite bargains into more inclusive and durable arrangements for sustaining peace.
Hosted in collaboration with Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), the University of Witwatersrand, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Permanent Mission of Japan to the UN, this conversation allowed member states and other key national stakeholders to engage with the findings of the research project Forging Resilient National Social Contracts. Using case studies from South Sudan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Tunisia to explore the creation of social contracts within contexts of conflict and fragility, the discussion highlighted the mechanisms through which agreements are struck that support prevention and sustaining peace.
In welcoming remarks, Endre Stiansen, Senior Research and Policy Advisor at the Oslo Governance Centre of UNDP, said that the subject of the event was “very opportune” for development organizations such as UNDP “because there is something about bringing the whole of society approach to the challenges that we face in the field now.”
Introducing the study, Bettina Luise Rürup, Executive Director of FES New York, explained that it “highlights the need for inclusive peace agreements and the importance of vibrant societal relations” in sustaining peace. Considering the 2030 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, she asserted that social contracts can be “the much-needed mechanism for inclusiveness and national ownership for peace sustaining processes.”
The specific challenges that the study sought to address, said Fabrizio Hochschild, Assistant Secretary General for Strategic Coordination, were how to create political settlements and institutions that deliver results inclusively, as well as drive social cohesion. “Inclusion is in essence about non-discrimination,” he said, “It is about bringing in those who are otherwise being excluded socially, excluded economically, excluded politically and often persecuted; it’s about upholding rights.”
Erin McCandless is an Associate Professor at the University of Witwatersrand, South Africa and Research and Project Director of Forging Resilient Social Contracts. Her aim was to propose durable solutions to recurring conflict in fragile environments. Introducing her research, she defined the concept of social contract, as it is understood in the classical western tradition, as “forfeiting some rights for the achievement of others.”
While she contended that this “utilitarian decision of citizens” may not look the same everywhere, in her research she found “enduring themes that have kind of cut across different civilizations and across the globe.” Her research posed questions on the establishment of a governing body including, “what is the purpose of such agreements, who are they between, what mechanisms drive social contracts, and how do people address, with their leaders, questions of moral obligation and conflicting interests?”
Among the key findings were that “elite political settlements are just not sustainable. There is an emerging consensus in the policy realm around the importance of inclusion for sustaining peace,” she said. Inclusivity is necessary for a strong consensus among citizens to create a sustainable agreement.
Dr. McCandless said that the research findings pointed in particular to two compelling reasons why political settlements fail to become more inclusive and resilient social contracts. The first was the fact that core conflict issues are not effectively addressed over time through appropriate political settlements, allowing social conflict to become protracted and unresolvable. The second was that social contract-making mechanisms are “not effectively treated in coherent ways in the peace process.” She concluded that there was a need for greater focus on strengthening state-society relations and creating more accountable, durable policy.
Luka Kuol, Professor of Practice at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies of National Defense University in Washington, DC and Associate Professor at the University of Juba, South Sudan, called his country “the most fragile country in the world.” Even with its three peace agreements signed in 1972, 2005, and 2015, he said, the country is still in conflict.
“Such fragility is definitely a result of misrule by the elites,” he said, “But I think equally important was despite the good intention of the international actors, that they, to a certain degree, I could say, were less informed about the political marketplace and the drivers of social contracts.”
The peace processes failed from the lack of inclusivity in the country’s transition to statehood, including the constitution-making process, he said. “The process itself was so exclusive, it was led by one political party in isolation of the rest.” Uniquely for South Sudan, amid other African countries that emerged out of colonialism, “this idea of ‘common enemy,’” he said, “Is not glue for forging a social cohesion. South Sudan was anchoring its unity to how much they hate North Sudan. But once that common enemy is gone, then these tensions start surfacing.”
Dr. Kuol said he still believed there was hope for peace in South Sudan if it is built nationally. Ultimately, he said, it should be the role of the state and the citizens to create a social contract that focuses on inclusivity. “South Sudan stands a better chance of putting itself on the path of social contract and addressing the core driver of conflict,” he said. “What is lacking is the political leadership and visionary leadership.”
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, an “elite social contract maintains the status quo,” said Jasmin Ramović, Lecturer in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Manchester. Such a contract “exploits communal fears that existed…during the war and are persisting after,” he said. “Through patronage, they also maintain a control of their respective communities. But the underlying reason behind this elite social contract is mismanagement of economic resources to the advantage of a very small clique of people,” he said.
Dr. Ramović explained that the peace agreement ending the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, signed in Dayton, Ohio, “unfortunately, and paradoxically, actually preserved the unity of the country and also divided the country in the same time.” This political settlement perpetuated the core conflict issue which was competing conceptions of territorial boundaries and loyalties, and the Dayton Peace Agreement created a hybrid government comprised of actors of each major ethnic group. This “bloated” administrative structure, though, ended up helping nationalist elites control employment and the public sector.
Instead, he said, “international actors should encourage initiatives, especially grassroots initiatives, which can expose the links between political, business, and judiciary elites.” This would, he argued, “unravel the elite social contract and provide channels so that the voice of a majority of the population could be heard.”
Youssef Mahmoud, IPI Senior Adviser and the event’s moderator, suggested three lessons for cultivating successful peace agreements based on the situation in Tunisia, his own country. The first was that “when the broad-based constitution was adopted in 2014, it became the social contract in post-revolution Tunisia.” The second, he explained, was that, “as you anxiously look for ways to strengthen the state, ensure that this does not put the onus on the state as the sole penholder of the social contract.”
The third was, “In attempts to keep at bay all kinds of isms, do not sacrifice on the altar of stability and security the oxygen that keeps voice alive and free, a voice that Tunisians have wrenched out of the jaws of the state. Without the oxygen, a resilient social contract is atrophied.”
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The number of international migrants has grown by 49% since 2000, according to United Nations statistics, and incoming migrants often move to cities, which house 54% of the world’s population. Multilateral deliberations on migration policy tend to focus on the national level, although it is municipal leadership that often bears the brunt of providing services and facilitating integration for migrants. Developing appropriate and effective policy on migration requires perspective from the ground to be shared with national and international actors.
In October 2016, the UN General Assembly Adopted the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, which created an international commitment to future negotiations, an international conference, and the adoption of a global compact for safe, orderly, and regular migration in 2018 (GCM). On May 9th, IPI held a meeting to discuss how the compact’s policies can be more comprehensive and effectively put into place.
The event, hosted in collaboration with the Global Policy Initiative, Columbia University, the University of Ottawa, and The Open Society Foundations, was conducted under the Chatham House Rule of non-attribution, and brought together key stakeholders in the compact’s implementation. Included were international mayors, UN representatives, and members of civil society.
Among the speakers were Penny Abeywardena, New York City Commissioner for International Affairs; Bitta Mostofi, Acting Commissioner of the Mayor’s Office of Immigrant Affairs in New York; Majid Batambuze, Mayor of Jinja, Uganda, and Chairman of the Urban Authority of Uganda; Cosimo Palazzo, Director of the Social Policy Department of Milan, Italy; Veronique Lamontagne, Director of the Bureau of Integration, Montreal, Canada; David Barclay, the Mayor’s Adviser on Inclusion in Bristol, UK; Eloisa Arruda, Human Rights Secretary in São Paulo, Brazil; Juan José Gómez Camacho, Permanent Representative of Mexico to the UN; Griet Seurs, Permanent Representative of Belgium to the UN; Jürg Lauber, Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the UN; Colleen Thouez, Division Director of Welcoming and Integrated Societies at the Open Society Foundations–International Migration Initiative; Gregory Maniatis, OSF Initiative’s Director; Eva Åkerman Börje, Senior Policy Adviser, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for International Migration; and Suzanne Sheldon, Senior Policy Adviser of the Global Compact for Migration at IOM. Speaking for IPI was Vice President Adam Lupel, who moderated the discussion.
Speakers in the session noted that there is a common misunderstanding of the distinction between refugees and migrants, as well as documented and undocumented migrants, and migrants often face prejudice upon entering a country. City leadership does not determine who enters the country, but, speakers noted, it can be responsible for the treatment of migrants when they enter city parameters.
Participants asserted that city leaders could design meaningful migration programs, not because they are more creative or well-resourced, but because they operate at a more human scale. In a much commented upon statement, one speaker said, “People belong to a local community before they belong to a nation.”
The conversation stressed that integration does not stop just across the border, and neither should policy. For this reason, to ensure safe and orderly migration, cities should not only share principles of policy reform with their national governments, but they should also share insights among other cities worldwide.
However, participants noted, member states negotiate on behalf of the nation. Speakers encouraged city leaders to strengthen conversation with their representatives at the state level and ensure their advocacy is representative of the population.
Of concern to many speakers was a lack of information sharing between members of the municipal and federal governments, since records of immigration are often housed at the national level. Participants cited examples where the central government did not share migration data with the cities where migrants lived. A lack of data and regularly updated statistics of migrations as well as a lack of migration management systems make it difficult to monitor the exact impact of migration. In order to do so, comprehensive indicators need to be developed, and all migrants need to be documented.
Speakers in the session noted that a link could be made between improving migration policy and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Rather than intergovernmental organizations prescribing a solution to migration, participants declared, the best outcome is a policy that grows organically from the steps that city officials take, separate from institutions like the IOM and UN.
This article aims at offering a critical overview of the major institutional initiatives in the field of employment protection legislation (EPL) during the recent economic adjustment programs in Greece (2010-2017).
Furthermore, in the context of the European debate about the role and impact of employment protection legislation, the article investigates if these reforms constitute a well defined change of labour protection model in Greece as well as its direction.
On May 18th, IPI together with Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders are cohosting a policy forum event on “Bridging the Emergency Gap: What Will It Take?”
During their acute phase, contemporary conflicts present a number of challenges for humanitarian actors. Insecurity, growing needs, and the obstruction, denial, or politicization of humanitarian assistance create an environment unfavorable to neutral, independent, and impartial humanitarian action. Even though the humanitarian sector has become increasingly professionalized and well-funded, MSF’s Emergency Gap Project reveals that the first few months of acute crises are often marked by a failure to provide lifesaving assistance and protection to those affected by violence. Beyond the external challenges of the operational environment, MSF also identifies a series of challenges within the humanitarian system itself that they perceive as contributing to this gap in emergency response.
This policy forum provided an opportunity to bring together different perspectives to explore concrete ways to reinforce the emergency response capacity of the humanitarian sector in complex, acute crises and to ensure that humanitarian actors adequately respond to both emergencies and more protracted crises.
Speakers:
Ms. Teresa Sancristóval, Director of Operations, Médecins Sans Frontières
Mr. John Ging, Director of Operations, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
Mr. Bob Kitchen, Vice-President of Emergencies, International Rescue Committee
Moderator:
Dr. Adam Lupel, Vice President, IPI
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The Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP) invites pre-applications from scholars who wish to spend 12-24 months at ELIAMEP, as part of the “Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship” Programme (MSCA-IF-2018), funded by the European Commission.
Applicants can be of any nationality but they must not have spent more than 12 months in the last 3 years in Greece (mobility rule).
ELIAMEP welcomes project proposals from doctorate holders, interested in submitting a proposal in the area of social sciences and humanities. However, priority will be given to those projects that fit best with ELIAMEP’s existing research interests and orientations and gain the support of at least one ELIAMEP senior researcher.
Fellowships take form of European Fellowships or Global Fellowships.
– European Fellowships are open to researchers either coming to Europe from any country in the world or moving within Europe. The researcher must comply with the rules of mobility.
– Global Fellowships are based on a secondment to a third country and a mandatory 12 month return period to a European host. The researcher must comply with the rules of mobility in the country where the Global Fellowship secondment takes place, not for the country of the return phase.
Researchers receiving an Individual Fellowship may opt to include a secondment phase in Europe, notably in the non-academic sector, within the overall duration of their fellowship.
ELIAMEP has an extensive and prestigious record of hosting international doctoral and postdoctoral fellows. Over the last years, it was host organisation in three Intra-European Marie Curie fellows, all of whom have made significant advances in their careers. Currently, ELIAMEP hosts the REPLICIAS project (Architectural replicas in the scramble for the past: Politics of identity in Istanbul, Athens, Skopje), funded by the 2016 call of the “Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship” Programme.
Researchers who wish to cooperate with ELIAMEP for the submission of a proposal should check that they fulfill the respective eligibility criteria and then send an expression of interest, consisting of a short CV and a two-page summary presentation of their research proposal, to development@eliamep.gr . Expressions of interest may be submitted up to 30 June 2018.
Proposals will be pre-selected on the basis of internal evaluation and the availability of suitable supervision. Candidates will be informed of the results of the pre-selection well before the call deadline.
Further information on the call “Marie Sklodowska Curie Actions- Individual Fellowships” :
Wer sind die sechs Prozent der Kinder im Alter von drei bis sechs Jahren, die keine Kita besuchen? DIW-Studie zeigt, dass Nicht-Kita-Kinder beispielsweise häufiger einen Migrationshintergrund haben, das trifft aber längst nicht auf alle zu – Kita-Pflicht hätte vermutlich nur einen äußerst geringen Nutzen – Besser wäre eine gezieltere Förderung, beispielsweise von Kindern mit Sprachförderbedarf
Kinder, die im Alter ab drei Jahren bis zur Einschulung nicht in eine Kindertageseinrichtung gehen, kommen – anders, als vor allem BefürworterInnen einer Kita-Pflicht häufig annehmen – keinesfalls nur aus sozioökonomisch benachteiligten Haushalten. Zwar haben Nicht-Kita-Kinder – im Altersbereich von drei bis sechs Jahren handelt es sich um sechs Prozent aller Kinder – tatsächlich häufiger einen Migrationshintergrund und kommen eher aus Haushalten, die in die untere Hälfte der Einkommensverteilung fallen. Das trifft aber längst nicht auf alle Kinder zu, wie eine aktuelle Studie des Deutschen Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung (DIW Berlin) zeigt. Demnach gibt es über alle Einkommens- und Bildungsgruppen hinweg Familien, die ihr Kind nicht in einer Kita betreuen lassen.
Frau Spieß, Sie haben sich in einer Studie mit Kindern auseinandergesetzt, die nicht in eine Kita gehen. Was ist der Fokus Ihrer Untersuchung?
Es geht dabei um die Kinder im sogenannten Kindergartenalter, also im Alter von drei Jahren bis zum Schuleintritt, und die Frage, welche Kinder heutzutage keine Kindertageseinrichtung besuchen. Wir wissen aus der amtlichen Statistik, dass das sehr wenige Kinder sind. Lediglich sechs Prozent dieser Altersgruppe besuchen keine Kindertageseinrichtung. Hintergrund unserer Untersuchung war, dass in Deutschland immer wieder darüber diskutiert wird, ob wir eine Kita-Pflicht brauchen, also eine Pflicht, dass auch noch die letzten sechs Prozent eine Kita besuchen. Allerdings hatten wir bisher kaum systematische, detaillierte und neuere Erkenntnisse darüber, wer eigentlich diese sechs Prozent sind. [...]
Das Interview mit C. Katharina Spiess wurde im DIW Wochenbericht 19/2018 veröffentlicht. Hier gibt es das Interview als PDF-Dokument und als Podcast.
Am 2. Mai hat Haushaltskommissar Günther Oettinger die Vorstellungen der Europäischen Kommission für den Mehrjährigen Finanzrahmen der Europäischen Union (EU) in den Jahren 2021 bis 2027 vorgelegt. Dies ist das erste Zahlenwerk für eine Zeit nach dem Ausscheiden des Nettozahlers Großbritannien. Es ist zudem die erste Planung für eine Periode, in der sich die EU internationalen Herausforderungen stellen muss, bei denen es nicht nur um eine gemeinsame Handelspolitik in Zeiten zunehmenden Protektionismus geht, sondern auch um eine gemeinsame Sicherheitspolitik vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender militärischer Konflikte und um eine gemeinsame Migrationspolitik angesichts vermehrt auftretender wirtschaftlicher und humaner Katastrophen. Und es ist der erste Finanzrahmen für eine Zeit, in der dringend notwendige Reformen – insbesondere für den Euroraum – umgesetzt werden müssen, auch um endlich anderthalb Jahrzehnte nach Ausbruch der Staatsschuldenkrise mit dieser abschließen zu können. Kurz: Es geht um nicht mehr, als die EU zukunftsgerichtet aufzustellen. [...]
Der vollständige Kommentar von Kristina van Deuverden aus dem DIW Wochenbericht 19/2018
Ende April verstarb Wolfgang Zapf kurz nach seinem 81. Geburtstag. Die Längsschnittstudie SOEP verliert einen langjährigen Förderer und stets verlässlicher Unterstützer.
Wolfgang Zapf hat das SOEP in den frühen 80er Jahren gemeinsam mit seinen Kolleginnen und Kollegen aus der Soziologie und Ökonomie aus der Taufe gehoben und auf dessen Messkonzepte nachhaltig eingewirkt. Wolfgang Zapf prägte mit dem von ihm propagierten Lebensqualitätskonzept ganz wesentlich die Inhalte der Langzeitstudie SOEP. Nach dem Weggang von Hans-Jürgen Krupp im Jahr 1988 aus dem DIW Berlin stand Wolfgang Zapf wie selbstverständlich für rund ein Jahr - trotz seiner vielfältigen Verpflichtungen als Präsident des WZB - als wissenschaftlicher Interimsleiter solidarisch hinter der am DIW angesiedelten damaligen SOEP-Projektgruppe. Als langjähriges SOEP-Beiratsmitglied konnten wir stets auf seinen Rat und Expertise zählen.